With plastic pollution reaching critical levels, a growing number of innovators and companies are racing to develop sustainable alternatives. A new patent landscape analysis from Questel, led by chemistry specialist and business intelligence consultant Donia Ben Zakour, offers a comprehensive look into the evolving world of biodegradable plastics—and the findings suggest a wave of green innovation is gaining serious momentum.
A Growing Crisis Demands a Sustainable Response
Conventional plastics have become synonymous with environmental harm. Every year, an estimated 12.7 million tonnes of plastic waste enter the oceans. Meanwhile, only 9% of all plastic ever produced has been recycled. As global concern deepens, the spotlight is turning to biodegradable plastics as a promising solution.
What Are Biodegradable Plastics—and Why Do They Matter?
Biodegradable plastics are engineered to degrade through microbial activity, breaking down into natural substances such as carbon dioxide, water, and biomass within a defined timeframe. These materials, which include polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and starch-based compounds, are particularly suited for single-use applications like packaging.
Their chemical structures and environmental degradability make them a vital alternative in sectors looking to cut their plastic footprint.
The Patent Landscape: Questel’s Key Findings
Questel’s in-depth analysis examines more than 9,000 patent families related to biodegradable plastics filed over the past two decades (excluding Chinese non-extended patents). It provides valuable insights into trends in innovation, market leaders, and regional activity.
📈 Patent Filing Trends (2005–2023)
2005–2018: Patent activity was relatively steady, with 200–300 new filings annually. However, many early patents are now considered “dead” due to abandonment or expiration.
2015–2023: A dramatic surge in activity, particularly from 2018 onward, saw annual filings exceed 1,000 by 2021. The growing number of “pending” applications reflects a vibrant pipeline of new technologies.
Filings from 2024 and 2025 appear lower but are likely underreported due to the standard 18-month delay between filing and publication.
🌍 Geographical Hotspots
Patent data shows that innovation is concentrated in Japan, South Korea, and the United States. These regions account for the majority of first-priority filings:
Japan was an early leader but saw a lull before a recent rebound.
South Korea took the lead after 2018, driven by aggressive R&D from major firms.
India is emerging as a noteworthy player, while Europe maintains consistent, though fragmented, contributions.
🏢 Leading Innovators in the Space
Top contributors include:
LG Chem – developing bio-based polymers for industrial and packaging use.
Hyundai Motor – incorporating biodegradable materials into vehicle interiors.
CJ CheilJedang – advancing PHA-based biodegradable plastic technologies for a wide range of applications.
⚙️ Key Technologies and Manufacturing Processes
Dominant areas of innovation include:
Core materials: PLA, PHA, starch-based bioplastics, biodegradable polyesters.
Processing methods: Injection molding, extrusion, and polymer blending.
Real-World Adoption and the Push for Sustainability
Biodegradable plastics are increasingly making the leap from labs to commercial shelves. Global brands are actively seeking replacements for conventional plastics in packaging, while automotive and electronics industries are integrating biodegradable materials into their design and production processes.
Zakour emphasizes that this movement reflects more than just a trend—it’s a systemic shift in how innovation meets sustainability. “We’re witnessing a convergence of environmental responsibility, regulatory pressure, and consumer demand,” she explains. “Biodegradable plastics are now seen not just as an alternative, but as a necessity for sustainable growth.”
Looking Ahead
Despite economic uncertainties and regulatory complexity, Questel’s report points to a dynamic and competitive innovation landscape. With global filings surging and real-world applications expanding, biodegradable plastics are rapidly becoming a key pillar of environmental strategy for forward-thinking companies.
The global patent race is far from over—but one thing is clear: the future of plastic is biodegradable.